Big Science leads to breakthrough scientific knowledge and innovation through large-scale multinational scientific infrastructure investments, expanding the boundaries of science, technology, and innovation. This book examines how Big Science projects evolve to solve complex scientific problems, consequently addressing critical social challenges. Drawing on reliable evidence, multidisciplinary perspectives, and personal insights from collider physics, detectors and telescopes research facilities, the authors explore the multifaceted skills and processes that enable Big Science to answer fundamental scientific questions and benefit society both now and into the future.